Achieving gigabit speeds requires 5G to operate on high frequencies necessitating millions of small transmitters and immense energy to power the network, process signals, and meet user demands.
Despite potential efficiency improvements the rise in data consumption, driven by streaming, virtual reality, and the “metaverse” is projected to push global electricity usage sky-high. Ultra-HD streams and VR glasses, while visually stunning demand far more power than their 4G predecessors.
Ericsson anticipates mobile data usage will grow fivefold by 2026 compared to 2020. By 2030 global data traffic may increase twentyfold, fuelling concerns about energy sustainability. Wireless networks also have a heavier environmental impact than wired ones, requiring significantly more energy per data unit transmitted.
Adding to this strain the production of 5G devices and replacing older technologies will drive the demand for rare earth metals posing further ecological challenges. Telecom providers already predict a 150-170% increase in energy costs by 2026 due to 5G infrastructure. A single 5G station consumes as much power as dozens of households, tripling energy use compared to 4G sites.
To mitigate these impacts the shift toward wired fibre-optic connections which are both more energy-efficient and radiation-free may hold promise. However as 5G adoption accelerates, the environmental footprint of this technology demands urgent attention. Can we justify the trade-offs for faster connectivity and immersive experiences?
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